Effects of Music on Teenagers Free Essays

Azam Mirabdullaev Professor Christdas ESL 094-622 March 4, 2013 Effects of Music on Teenagers I emphatically concur that a significant number of today’s famous tunes allude to sex, medications, and savagery. I think these tunes are exceptionally unsafe for adolescents, and must be removed the market. These melodies are causing a ton of issues in our general public, for example, expanding pace of early pregnancy, sedate maltreatment, and savagery among youngsters. We will compose a custom paper test on Impacts of Music on Teenagers or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now Moreover, these melodies undertaking to young people that it is worthy and celebrated to carry on as such. To begin with, the melodies that allude to sex are making numerous youngsters have early sex, which regularly prompts early pregnancies. More often than not early pregnancies regularly end up with premature births. In the United States of America the pace of pregnancies among youngsters have gone up around 20 percent over the most recent five years. As of late I was perusing an article in the New York Times about examination which was done among secondary school young people. The exploration has indicated that 90 percent of pregnant secondary school young ladies will wind up with premature births. Also, the examination has demonstrated that young people whose iPods are loaded with music with unrefined, sexual verses begin engaging in sexual relations sooner than the individuals who incline toward different melodies. Regardless of whether it is hip-jump, rap, pop or rock, a lot of well known music focused on young people contains sexual suggestions. Its impact on their conduct seems to rely upon how the sex is depicted, the scientists found. Tunes delineating men as â€Å"sex-driven studs,† ladies as sex objects and with express references to sex acts are bound to trigger early sexual conduct than those where sexual references are increasingly hidden and connections show up progressively dedicated. Young people who said they tuned in to loads of music with debasing sexual messages were twice as liable to begin engaging in sexual relations or other sexual exercises inside the accompanying two years as were youngsters who tuned in to next to zero explicitly corrupting music. Hence, these melodies are contaminating our general public causing early sex and a great deal of premature births among adolescents. Besides, tunes, which allude to viciousness, are expanding the pace of brutality among youngsters. Today’s most famous tunes instruct youngsters to be savage, to be extreme. These tunes are one of the principle reasons youngsters are joining packs and carrying out wrongdoing in early years. Truth be told, each day we can see from the news an adolescent takes a firearm and fires somebody. As per another investigation distributed by the American Psychological Association, â€Å"The vicious tune increments in forceful musings and emotions have suggestions for certifiable savagery. Moreover, rehashed introduction to fierce verses may add to the improvement of a forceful character. I think these melodies pull adolescents from school and home into an existence of savagery. Along these lines, the melodies which allude to savagery must be removed the market. † Third, melodies that allude to drugs are expanding the degree of medication maltreatment among adolescents. The melodies, which allude to drugs, instruct youngsters that it is fine and typical to utilize drugs. What's more, these melodies induce that utilizing drugs makes you cool. As indicated by the examination from the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, one out of three well known tunes alludes to medication or liquor use if an individual listens music about an hour the person in question will get 35 references to substance misuse. Moreover, study has demonstrated that young people are listening music to around 2. 5 hours per day. Subsequently, young people are finding out about 90 references to substance misuse a day. No big surprise that the greater part of the young people manhandling drugs. All in all, I need to state that melodies, which allude to sex, medications, and brutality, are unsafe for youngsters and must be removed the market. These tunes are dirtying our general public and adolescents. Besides, these tunes are removing the stun an incentive from the young people, and harming their personalities and characters. At long last, government offices must take suitable activities against such tunes. The most effective method to refer to Effects of Music on Teenagers, Papers

The Effectiveness Of UK Anti-Corruption Policy A Research Proposal

The Effectiveness Of UK Anti-Corruption Policy A - Research Proposal Example The article clarifies that there are a few large scale level and crosscountry considers, which have concentrated on the viability of explicit enemy of defilement procedures (Cooper and Shour, 2012: p126) and on the specific qualities of nations that have figured out how to diminish their debasement levels to outstandingly low levels (Burrell et al, 2010: p28). In any case, it was additionally noticed that most investigations of this sort regularly accommodate connections, rather than more extensive causal connections, particularly given the noteworthy contrasts that happen between various nations and locales. In this way, in this examination study, an endeavor will be made to just use those assessments of hostile to debasement, which have been done at smaller scale level. This exploration study will assess econometric or observational, semi trial, and trial contemplates that have assessed hostile to debasement intercessions at the miniaturized scale level that had to do with motivating forces and checking, just as changes to fundamental guidelines in decreasing defilement among workers in the open division in the UK. In scanning for applicable writing, the specialist will search for English-language writing that was wrote somewhere in the range of 2002 and 2013. To do this, a hunt of significant databases like EBSCO, JSTOR, and EconLit, will be completed, just as dark wellsprings of writing like ProQuest, Index of Theses, NBER, and IDEAS. Moreover, databases and sites of pertinent government foundations and associations will be utilized, while master assessments and reference searches will be requested and led separately.

Blog Archive Monday Morning Essay Tip Parallel Construction

Blog Archive Monday Morning Essay Tip Parallel Construction Longer and more complex sentences often require parallel construction. Simply put, parallel construction ensures that any given longer sentence has a standard rhythm or construction. With parallel construction, each pronoun corresponds with another pronoun, each verb corresponds with another verb, each adjective matches with a corresponding adjective and so on. Parallel construction can certainly be found in shorter sentences as well, and to great effect. Consider the example of Hamlet’s words “To be or not to be,” which are some of the most famous in the English language. Shakespeare wrote this short sentence in perfect parallel form; “to be” is matched perfectly with its corresponding negative “not to be” and is separated only by the necessary word “or.” Another short example of parallel construction from history is “I came, I saw, I conquered.” With these words, Julius Caesar was speaking in perfect parallel constructionthe grammatical form is a pronoun (the word “I”) followed by a verb in the past tense (“came,” “saw,” “conquered”). If we were to change that second famous phrase just a touch, the amazing quality that it has would be lost, and the phrase would become unremarkable. For example, if Caesar had said, “I came, I saw, and I became the conqueror,” no one would be quoting him today (because the rhythm would be destroyedit would now be verb, verb, phrase). Keep this rule in mind for everything that you write, especially for longer sentences. Some final examples: Bad: There are three key reasons for this success: understanding our client, trying harder than our competition and teamwork. Good: There are three key reasons for this success: understanding our client, trying harder than our competition and working as a team. (In this example, gerunds [the words ending in “ing”] parallel each other, unlike in the previous, bad example.) Bad: We are in the forestry business. We sell wood to hardware stores and paper to stationery stores. Good: We are in the forestry business. We sell wood and paper. Share ThisTweet Monday Morning Essay Tips

Structural Diversity Within A Community - 859 Words

Structural diversity is defined as the holistic diverse demographics of a community, in this case, as it pertains to collegiate institutions. From this, we can examine the racial disparities amongst the academic community. It has been proposed that for many different ethnic communities the implementation of structural diversity has influenced each community in a different way. The influence of structural diversity serves different purposes for European Americans as it does to African Americans, Asian Americans or Latin Americans. In Bowman’s (2012) study of structural diversity in college, results concluded that structural diversity, in an equally diverse institution, positively influenced the European American group of students at that particular college. This means that European Americans from this diverse school seem to form interracial friendships or relationships as a result of structural diversity. Furthermore, this study also explains that the larger the diversity level is at a campus setting, the greater the structural diversity is (2012). Therefore, the more diverse the school is, the greater chance that all ethnic communities will have the ability to form new interracial connections. From structural diversity, we can also examine the pattern or behaviors that influence or are promoted by interracial friendships. The influences of interracial connections are correlated to high positive diversity outcomes due to the patterns of racial tolerance and reducedShow MoreRelatedMaking The New England Aquarium Accessible To Minority Communities1547 Words   |  7 PagesThe New England Aquarium had a difficult dilemma. The organization wanted to become an entity representative of the city of Boston and characterize its ethnic, racial, and economic diversity. However, since the late 1960s, the aquarium was considered inaccessible by minority communities. As such, its board of trustees wanted to change this image. In the early 1990s, they developed a plan to attract and involve populations previously underrepresented. At the same time, the education departmentRead MoreThe As A Way Of Life1173 Words   |  5 Pagesalso goes on to explain how the greater the heterogeneity in a city, the more tolerance the people have for different cultures other than their own. Louis Wirth explains that the more dense the population of an area is, the greater the chances for diversity and individualization in that area. Bigger cities in a small area have more opportunity to hold different social groups in them because of their bigger numbers in such a close proximity. For example, New York City is one of the largest cities inRead MoreEssay about Diversity Programs at the New England Aquarium779 Words   |  4 PagesIn the case of â€Å"Diversity Programs at the New England Aquarium†, all four frames – structural, human resources, political, and symbolic— sho w a different perspective of the underlying management issues surrounding the New England Aquarium. The issues that surround the structural frame are based around the aquarium’s goals and mission, as well as the actual organizational structure and coordination. The human resource frame will be used to view the relationships and balance between the needs of theRead MoreRealistic aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems are constantly adapting to various disturbances of600 Words   |  3 Pagesecosystem structural and functional shift. On the other way around, when perturbation is large enough, ecosystem may shift to a different state. When the critical point is reached the change is not reversible and return to the original state is not possible. The threshold at which the shift happens depends on the extent of disturbance and on the degree of ecosystem resilience (REF). This ability of ecosystem to resist changing conditions (resilience) depends in turn on how much structural and functionalRead MoreEssay about A Closer Look at Sociological Theories1450 Words   |  6 Pageswriting focuses on sociological theories in the cultural setting of Jena in Louisiana (A Town in Turmoil). Social Conflict Theory Social conflict theory sees the society as an arena. This arena is responsible for the generation of conflict and change within the society. Many factors in this society are interrelated including race, class, power, education and prestige. This article presents a society that has become a playground or an arena where all the above factors are displayed. Whereas the biggerRead MoreChampion equality, diversity and inclusion1712 Words   |  7 PagesChampion equality, diversity and inclusion          1.1 Explain the models of practice that underpin equality, diversity and inclusion in own area of responsibility. Equality is to treat all as individuals; to respect race, disability, age, gender, religion, beliefs ,culture and sexual orientation. For all to be open to opportunities, to be treated fairly and respectfully, have rights and equal status in society and for all to reach their full potential. Diversity is to value that we are all uniqueRead MoreRelationship Between Functional Diversity And C Stocks On Different Forest Ecosystems1417 Words   |  6 Pages Relationships between functional diversity and C stocks in different forest ecosystems Recent studies focused on biodiversity have begun to include the concept of functional diversity, which measures the range, value, and distribution of functional traits of organisms in a community ecosystem (Tilman et al. 1997; Mouchet et al. 2010). It is becoming increasingly accepted that biodiversity components of plant community, i.e. the species identity, abundance and divergence of functional traits, stronglyRead MoreThe Research On Health Disparities Across The United States1699 Words   |  7 PagesUnited States is still relatively new. For many within the medical field there are still many who focus on issues of disparities without addressing the structural issues at the base of those disparities. When it comes to interventions to address these disparities and inequalities, research is focused on the role of medical professionals with little research on community engagement and empowerment. Problem Theory When address the issue of structural racism as it pertains to health there are two termsRead MoreSociological Perspectives On Social Networking Sites916 Words   |  4 Pagesallows maintaining social ties with one another. Sociologists often ponder, How do these social websites impact society? Above all, this is the question that is the central focus shared by all three of the primary sociological perspectives (Structural Functionalism, Conflict Theory, and, Symbolic Interactionism) when studying and performing research on the topic. Otherwise, the three paradigms of sociological theories are differentiating interpretations of how they perceive social networkingRead MoreThe Problem Of African American Educational Achievement951 Words   |  4 Pagesscrutiny that black students face when it comes to their intellectual ability. The need to validate their intellectual competence in the classroom to White peers and to faculty derive from stereotypes or comments from non-Blacks about the Black community (Fres-Brit, 2002). Whether women of color choose to attend a particular institution because of its ability to satisfy a desire to be in a predominantly Black environment, or because of the quality of education a particular institution offers, they

Chinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart - 2762 Words

Book Report Pt.1 Mr.Welch -- English Name - Karl Go Period 2 Title - Things Fall Apart Author - Chinua Achebe Setting - Nigeria When - the 19th century Protagonist(s) - Okonkwo Antagonist(s) - Unoka Describe the Relationship between the Protagonist and Antagonist: The connection between Okonkwo and Unoka is that Unoka is Okonkwo’s father. Okonkwo had been ashamed of his father since he was a little child. Okonkwo was always embarrassed about his father because his dad was always in constant debt and usually never repay them. Okonkwo was the exact opposite of Unoka. Unoka was afraid of the sight but Okonkwo became a warrior. Everything that Okonkwo does is powered by his family because he secretly cares about them. He also does everything that his father was afraid to do. His father could be described with one word, Coward. Okonkwo could be described with an exactly opposite word, courageous. Another thing that made Unoka the protagonist of the novel that he made Okonkwo very shameful of him from the very start. That is the connection between Okonkwo, the protagonist, and Unoka, the antagonist. Give a DETAILED story summary: (please attach 1 additional page): The story began with introducing Okonkwo. Okonkwo was a young 18 year old man who was well known throughout nine villages. Okonkwo was being honored because had defeated the great Amalinze the Cat in wrestling contest.(1)Show MoreRelatedChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1719 Words   |  7 PagesThings fall apart is a classic novel written around the turn of the century, the novel focuses on the protagonist who we can also call a hero, Okonkwo. Okonkwo is a wealthy and respected leader within the Igbo tribe of Umuofia in eastern Nigeria. Strong individual with a passionate belief in all the values and traditions of his people. Chinua Achebe presents Okonkwo as a particular kind of tragic protagonist, a great man who carries the fate of his people. Okonkwo is a man who is inflexible andRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1033 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Chinua Achebe is a famous Nigerian novelist in worldwide. Things fall apart is Chinua Achebe’s first novel published in 1958, the year after Ghana became the first African nation to gain independence. And this novel is one of the first African novels to gain worldwide recognition. (Phil Mongredien, 2010) This novel presents people a story of an African Igbo tribal hero, Okonkwo, from his growth to death. The fate of Okonkwo also indicates the fate of Africa caused by the colonizationRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart883 Words   |  4 Pagesdehumanize the native population and convince themselves that they are helping. Chinua Achebe’s book Things Fall Apart attempts to correct these misguided views of African societies by portraying a more complex culture that values peace, and the art of conversation. Achebe also tries to portray the idea that not all European people they come in contact with are aggressive, and misconstrued in their view of the African societ ies. Achebe tries to show us the value of his society through repeated views into conversationsRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1410 Words   |  6 PagesTeddy Manfre Ms. Blass ENG 209-001 April 24, 2017 Things Fall Apart In 1958, Chinua Achebe a famous Nigerian author publishes one of his most famous novels Things Fall Apart. The novel takes place in a Nigerian village called Umuofia. During the time that this novel is published Nigeria is being criticized by the Europeans for being uncivilized. In response, Achebe uses his brilliance in this novel to express the valued history of his people to his audience. His focus in the novel is on the pre-colonizedRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1015 Words   |  5 PagesIn his novel Things Fall Apart, author Chinua Achebe utilizes his distinctive writing style in order to accurately capture the culture and customs of the Igbo people despite writing his story in a foreign language. Five aspects of Achebe’s style that make his writing unique is the straightforward diction present in dialogue, the inclusion of native parables convey Igbo life authentically, the inclusion of native Igbo words and phrases, detailed descriptions of nature and the usage of figurative languageRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1702 Words   |  7 PagesTitle: Things Fall Apart Biographical information about the author: Chinua Achebe was born in Nigeria in 1930. He had an early career as a radio host, and later became the Senior Research Fellow at the University of Nigeria. After moving to America, he became an English professor at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Achebe has won numerous awards for his poetry and fiction, including the Man Booker prize and Commonwealth Poetry Price. He currently teaches at Bard College. Author: Chinua AchebeRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart Essay1347 Words   |  6 PagesCulture is an Important Element of Society Chinua Achebe is the author of when Things Fall Apart while Joseph Conrad authored Heart of Darkness. Conrad and Achebe set their individual titles in Africa; Achebe is an African writer whereas Conrad is Polish-British. The authors draw strength from their backgrounds to validity the authenticity of their fictional novels. Conrad writes from his experiences in the British and French navies while Achebe uses his African heritage. The theme of culture isRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1248 Words   |  5 PagesChris Lowndes Ms. Cook A.P.L.C. 21 October 2015 We Are Family: Hardships in One s Family in Things Fall Apart Specific attributes correlate with each other to help create or not create the ideal strong family. However, through those attributes arise conflicts and major disputes. This issue of trying to achieve and create a strong family is of immense importance in one’s life, especially in Chinua Achebe’s, Things Fall Apart, a milestone in African literature. For instance, the father leaves his legacyRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart Essay1682 Words   |  7 Pagescertain degree of the priest class, libation, holidays, creation stories, divine systems of punishments and rewards. In the novel, Things Fall Apart, written by Chinua Achebe, is a story of tragic fall of a protagonist and the Igbo culture. Achebe demonstrates different examples and situations of where an African culture, in the instances of tribal religions, did certain things because of their tradition is and the way they developed into. African cultures pondered life mysteries and articulated theirRead Mo reChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1314 Words   |  6 PagesChinua Achebe masterpiece â€Å"Things Fall Apart† (1959) is the classic story of Okonkwo, a young man who strives to be revered by his village and family but because of his own internal character flaws meets his own demise. In the Igbo culture, family traditions are an important narrative throughout the novel. Okonkwo, the protagonist character of this story, begins with many attributes of what would be concluded as a hero with his cultural society. He is hard working, a material provider, feared and

Weather Phenomena On All Scales - 1537 Words

Lawrence Neumann Meteorology Final Project: Weather Phenomena on All Scales Use the principles of heat transport to explain why (for the same latitude) ocean temperatures heat and cool by only 2-4 degrees Celsius per day, while desert temperatures may change by more than 20 degrees Celsius per day. The differences in temperature change per day between desert and ocean temperatures can be attributed to differences in heat conductivity and specific heat capacity of sand and water. Energy is exchanged between the surface of the earth and the air immediately above the surface of the earth through conduction. The type of surface and properties of the surface can heavily influence the surface air temperature. Both desert and open-ocean will†¦show more content†¦The energy required for evaporation or condensation reduces the amount of heat energy being exchanged with the air and thus reduces the temperature extremes. Water is a much better conductor of heat than sand, which leads to more energy from solar radiation being distributed throughout large depths of water in the ocean. Energy is further distributed throughout the ocean by the constant mixing and movement of liquid water. This distribution of heat energy leads to little energy being transferred back to the surface atmosphere. Sand is a poor conductor of heat, so heat does not distribute throughout sand particles beneath the surface and sand does not mix in the way water in the ocean does. Sand more quickly absorbs solar radiation and then transfers this heat to the surface atmosphere, which causes the surface atmosphere to have larger temperature variances. Water has properties, high relative specific heat and high relative thermal conductivity, that allow it to absorb much more solar radiation than sand. Because water absorbs much more of this heat energy it does not transfer as much heat to air directly above it through conduction as sand does. This means that the temperature of the surface temperature air over the ocean will not vary as much as the surface temperature of the air over a desert. Describe the diurnal temperature cycle, with reference to the typical daily radiation budget, with the time of day that we wouldShow MoreRelatedCause and Effect of Tornadoes923 Words   |  4 Pagesonly form under certain weather conditions. There are three types of airs for a tornado to form, warm humid air close to the ground, cold air in the upper atmosphere, and hot dry air on top that form a cap.(na, 2010) Hurricanes can form tornadoes adding to their destructive power. Hurricane Buelah in 1967 spawned 141 tornadoes. There are also waterspouts, which are tornadoes that form over the water and when they reach the land, they call them tornadoes. 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The climate change all over the world is a proof that the weather conditions are changing. Global warming has made some of the hottest land cold now and the countries that never had a summer in millenniums are now having sunlight regularlyRead MoreWeathering and Erosion1752 Words   |  8 Pagesbub Weather is the state of the atmosphere at a given time and place, with respect to variables such as temperature, moisture, wind velocity, and barometric pressure. Weather can be classified as day to day temperature and precipitation activity, where climiate is average atmospheric conditions over longer periods of time. Weather occurs from temperature and moisture differences between one place and another. These differences can occur due to the sun angle at any particular spot. 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Human activities have been the primary cause of this significant change, resulting with extreme weather conditions, increasing sea levels, and climate changes. In this paper I will compare and contrast natural versus anthropogenic climate changes of global warming, mitigation strategies, mitigation effectiveness, policy implications, costs, and address some policy changes to help stabilizeRead MoreThe Density Of Jupiter1293 Words   |  6 PagesHowever, unlike the other terrestrial planets, Earth’s core region is divided into a solid inner core and a liquid outer core. The inner core is composed of iron and nickel, while the outer core extends beyond it to a radius of about 3,400 km. Like all planet’s, this density increases the closer one gets to the core, reaching an estimated 12,600–13,000 kg/m3 in the inner core. Similar to Earth, the density ranges considerably between its outer gaseous layers and its core on Jupiter, which is believed

Indigenous Community And Rest Australia †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Indigenous Community And Rest Australia? Answer: Introducation Before European colonisation, there were individuals who moved out from the groups of individuals who lived in Australia and the neighbouring islands; they are commonly known as Indigenous Australians. However, they are not a single group but large number of people with diverse culture, opinion and values. Torres Strait Islanders who originated from Torres Strait Island, part of Queensland and Aboriginal people who originated from almost all of the rest parts of Australia are the two separate groups who are referred as Indigenous Australians. Some of over 700 languages spoken by Australian at the time of colonization are even now spoken by these groups. Owing to recurring climatic changes indigenous people lived a nomadic life before the advent of Europeans and did not stay at a particular place for a long time. In order to have regular supply of food, they administered frail surroundings cautiously. In todays scenario most of aboriginals resides in towns, cities and suburbs in vulnerable circumstances. Due to pilfering of their land, lot of indigenous people are employed in livestock ranches. However, several of them continue to hunt and reside on their terrain. Following incursion by the Britishers, most of their land was taken over (Survival. 2016) which adversely affected them physically and mentally and caused several diseases which in turn reduced their population. In this discussion, we will take mental health issues, depression and smoking into consideration and how they adversely affect Indigenous Australians more than non-Indigenous people. Profile Of The Community Presently, Indigenous community accounts for around 3 percent of total Australian inhabitants (Discover Stories. 2015). They not only reside in suburbs but also in main towns and cities; almost 208,500 indigenous people are in New South Wales making it the largest state with such people and maximum ratio which is 30 percent in North Territory. However, 744,956 of these inhabitants are projected to be residing in Australia as per data collected from 2011 consensus. The Indigenous population comprises more of young people than old ones as compared to non-indigenous people. It is anticipated that in the year 2006, age of partial non Indigenous inhabitants were 37 years or fewer which was 21years or fewer in case of indigenous inhabitants (Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2010). Also, in the year 2011, 90% of Aboriginals, 6% of Torres Strait Islander and 4% of both Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islander together were recognized as Indigenous individuals. The above figure clearly shows percentage of population with respect to each age group. Indigenous population more concentrated in lower age groups with the percentage of non-indigenous population scattered through different age groups. Moving forward, if we take into consideration births and deaths of these people as compared to other Australians, there is a great disparity. Non Australians females had 1.8 births in their lifespan which was around 2.3 births in the lifespan of indigenous females, as estimated in the year 2015 with total births of approximately 18,537 and total deaths estimated to be 3,088. It is also projected that the male population born in the year 2010-2012 of such people are possible to live around 69 years which is around 10 years younger than the other Australian population and amongst the females the age expected is 74 years which is 83 for other Australian females. Indigenous operational age people engaged in labour power accounted for 56% as per census date 9th August 2011; still 17.2% which was one out of every six of them were out of work (Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2013). These particular figures were adverse as compared to non Indigenous ones. Unemployment rate amongst them is over three times greater than rest of the Australians. More of young age groups accounts for the working population amongst them. Also, there is a disparity amongst their men and women as far as unemployment is concerned. Globally, Indigenous culture is considered as the ancient existing culture. Their culture is diversified with people communicating in several dissimilar languages. They have distinctive artistic capabilities and their work particularly modern art is well known worldwide. However, due to ecological changes, its culture has changed and evolved through these years. However, the overall health of Indigenous people depends on the environment in which they reside which comprises of factors such as pollution control, water supply, healthy food, sufficient infrastructure etc. Huge discrimination is faced by Indigenous people as far as these factors and their health is concerned. Poor infrastructure and disparate admittance to hospitals are the main reasons for heath disparity between Indigenous and non Indigenous Australians (Australian Human Rights Commission, 2007). Health Of The Community-Definition The main issue of the discussion is the health disparity and causes of the same between Indigenous and the other communities in Australia. Health of the said community is the communal, psychological and literary safety rather than only the corporal wellbeing of individuals. It is the safety, honesty and synchronization of a person as well as the society. The difference between the health condition of Indigenous and rest of community also depends on factors that affect social structure such as education, basis of earnings, the amount of earnings etc. Indigenous people are not provided equivalent prospect to be healthy as compared to others. As far as continuing proceedings like life expectation is concerned, no development on such issue has been taken. Thus, being secluded from conventional services and lesser admission to health services and pitiable infrastructure are the major reasons of disparities between the communities. Health Indicators In this particular discussion, we will consider mental health , depression and smoking as the health indicators affecting the Indigenous community and how these indicators more adversely affects them as compared to the other communities. Indigenous are more likely to suffer from mental agony owing to social and monetary inequitable conditions. Mental illness is defined as a substantial emotional disorder which affects a person and causes major pain. According to a survey conducted on youngsters mental health is amongst top three problems faced in the country in past 15 years wherein cultural inequity is faced by one out of five teenage Indigenous people and prejudice is faced by one out of seven teenage females (Knaus. 2016). As per report issued in the year 2014, there has been a striking rise in mental ailment, anxiety and depression amongst young Indigenous criminals and perinatal psychological issues in females (Korff. 2017). Indigenous Australians were expected to be suffering and hospitalized two times more from psychological and behavioural ailment than others in the year 2003-04. Depression mainly affects individuals suffering from psychological strain. It is estimated in the past 15years around 33% of the said population experienced huge level of mental stress and affected more females than males. Reports also show that young Indigenous people which are approximately 26% are more prone to be affected by dementia as compared to rest of the community. Another mental issue wherein an individual fails to differentiate between actual and imaginary, suffers from hallucinations is categorized as Schizophrenia. Indigenous community is more likely to suffer from the said mental ailment. Smoking is the major reason of persistent diseases amongst Indigenous Australia. Not only men but over half of females are addicted to smoking in the said community. While there has been decrease in the overall smoking rates in Australia, Indigenous people smoking rates are still higher ranging between 43% to 54% (Kroff. 2016). There are several causes of the widespread extent of mental illness, depression and smoking amongst the said community. Because of the disownment of land at the time of the incursion and diverse cultural differences, Indigenous community majorly suffers from extreme sorrow and failure unlike the rest of the community. There has been a measure taken by the government for the continual taking away of children which increases psychological pressure amongst them. Since the said community has been suffering from mental trauma, depression and other mental disorders are more likely to develop and be passed on to the future generation which is unlikely in case of othe r communities. There has been huge incidence of cultural discrimination against the said community which adversely affects their emotional wellbeing. With very less employment opportunities, they are constantly stressed about their monetary stability. Out of all Indigenous Australians, 23 % are believed to be suffering from both mental as well as physical illness. Thus, pitiable physical health automatically increases the stress an individual face which is not the case of rest of the community. Unawareness of the possible impact of smoking and lack of education accounts for increased smoking rates. Also, huge number of Indigenous people are in prison and faces violence there as well as on domestic front accounting for increase in depression and other mental diseases. Conclusion At the end, we conclude that there is a vast inequality amongst Indigenous Australians and the rest of the community as far as health is concerned. In this discussion we particularly took mental illness, depression and smoking to explain such disparity. However, not only these but there are great disparities faced by the said community as far as other major health issues such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, respiratory diseases etc are concerned. It is clear from the above discussion that Indigenous Australians are treated differently from other Australians. The infant mortality rate is also higher in case of Indigenous population in Australia. Deterioration of their health started with the colonization which caused several diseases like typhoid, influenza etc. There were more adverse affects in terms of destitution and racial discrimination which triggered more deterioration. Racism is considered as one of the major cause of depression. Loss of their own property and neglect has further aggravated their health issues. Moving forward, as discussed above with an increased unemployment rates amongst young Indigenous people it in turn increased mental unrest amongst them. There are a number of socio economic inequalities in factors that affects their health. The affect of such factors are comparatively lasting. These factors not only cause mental disorders but have an adverse impact on their circulatory, immunity and hormonal functions. Lack of education reduces their potential to use health care services. Also, with low earnings they cannot afford proper health services. Indigenous Australians also has poor and congested housing infrastructure which causes contagious diseases. These problems are not faced by non-Indigenous ones. It is estimated that the main cause of major diseases amongst Indigenous people is smoking in the year 2011(Australian Indigenous HealthInfo Net. 2016). Ignorance amongst people about impact of smoking on their health is the major reason of increased rates. Getting earnings in tobacco instead of cash aggravates the problem. With people living in congested houses, smoking affects children inertly. Increased smoking rates are majorly liable for increased inequity which is around 23% in health amongst the communities. Hence to summarize the above points, numerous factors are responsible for health disparity between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and rest of Australia and proper measures should be undertaken by individuals as well as the government to remove such gap. By providing proper health care services, proper employment opportunities and education, improving household as well as health care infrastructure, making people more aware of adverse affects of tobacco and dr ugs, removing racial discrimination and by giving ownership of land and proper guidance related to health can definitely reduce the gap between health disparity amongst the communities References: Survival (2016). Aboriginal people. Retrieved from https://www.survivalinternational.org/tribes/aboriginals Discover Stories. (2015). Who are Indigenous Australians?. Retrieved from https://www.australianstogether.org.au/stories/detail/who-are-indigenous-australians-4 Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2010). 4713.0- Population Characteristics, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, 2006. Retrieved form https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/4713.0Explanatory%20Notes12006?OpenDocument. Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2013). 4102.0- Australian Social Trends, Nov 2013. Retrieved form https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/4102.0Main+Features20Nov+2013#PARTICIPATIONANDUNEMPLOYMENT Australian Human Rights Commission (2007). Social determinants and the health of Indigenous peoples in Australia- a human rights based approach. Retrieved from https://www.humanrights.gov.au/news/speeches/social-determinants-and-health-indigenous-peoples-australia-human-rights-based Korff (2017). Mental health and Aboriginal people. Retrieved from http https://www.creativespirits.info/aboriginalculture/health/mental-health-and-aboriginal-people Korff (2016). Aboriginal smoking: a serious health problem. Retrieved from https://www.creativespirits.info/aboriginalculture/health/aboriginal-smoking-a-serious-health-problem Australian Indigenous Healthinfo Net (2016). Summary of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health. Retrieved from https://www.healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au/health-facts/summary#population Knaus (2016). Mental health is one of main issues facing Australia, says youth survey. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2016/dec/05/mental-health-is-one-of-main-problems-facing-australia-says-youth-surve

Statement Of Intent For Essay Example For Students

Statement Of Intent For Essay My creative writing assignment is based off of the book Thousand Cranes by Yasunari Kawabata. This novel is about the power of different types of relationships and how those relationships affect characters life decisions. In this post World War II story, tragedy strikes more than once. People die, relationships diminish, and sadness arises. This novel sparks the idea that children are just like their parents, in the good ways and most definitely in the bad ways. The abandonment of those that you love is a common theme in this book while feeling the shame of those you love is another. The journal of Fumiko, a main character in the book, is an important point of view in the story that could be used for a better understanding of the text. This journal will describe what Fumiko is really feeling, not only through her actions and openly displayed emotions, but also through her thoughts. It displays foreshadowing while also describing the thoughts of a character who is connected to everybody in her own right. Because Fumiko is affected by most everything that occurs in the book she has so many different opinions that are important to know. This journal also describes why Fumiko did some of the things that she did, and what the thought process behind all of her actions were. Anyone who has read this book will benefit greatly from reading the journal because it opens up a lot of insight about the real story. The aspects of Thousand Cranes that I intend to focus on are the relationships that Fumiko has with her friends, family, and lovers, as well as the relationship she thinks she has with herself. I will speak about Fumiko in relation to her mother, and how many people in round, soft face saw her mother (78). I will mention Kikujis relationship with Fumiko, and the different encounters that occurred between the two. I will talk about the different tragedies that Fumiko had to go through and the different events that ended up defining her life. Furthermore, I will talk about how Fumiko viewed herself and about what ultimately led to her death. Fumiko is arguably the most important person in this book because of the numerous relationships and connections she has with all of the characters. Fumikos story is an interesting one, and by understanding her story, understanding the novel will be simple. We will write a custom essay on Statement Of Intent For specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now My Complicated Life I am a very reserved girl; a quiet, a shy girl. I had a family. My dad was once with us and my mom was once sane. Now my relationship with my mother has deteriorated and my sense of comfort has diminished. Life as I know it has become very complicated. Diary, my emotions may be fierce but I will try my best to explain my feelings as life goes on. My name is Fumiko Ota and this is my story Journal Entry 1: Rebound My mother found a new man to love in Mr. Mitani, a relationship that I want to take no part in. I feel as if this man is drowning my fathers memory, that he is crushing my poppas soul. Mother is extremely selfish for bringing this man in to my life without warning. She is sleeping with a married man and doesnt even think twice about the ramifications. Mommy is breaking my heart. Journal Entry 2: Acceptance As time goes by, and their love still exists I have come to realize that there is nothing I can do to bring my father back. I know that my mother has the right to escape her sorrows and be happy. I have to accept the fact that the man that my mother now loves is going to be in my life. Yes, what my mother is wrong, but life isnt always black and white. .u3f8b34c3c1f9f16f78b6bda095821d6b , .u3f8b34c3c1f9f16f78b6bda095821d6b .postImageUrl , .u3f8b34c3c1f9f16f78b6bda095821d6b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3f8b34c3c1f9f16f78b6bda095821d6b , .u3f8b34c3c1f9f16f78b6bda095821d6b:hover , .u3f8b34c3c1f9f16f78b6bda095821d6b:visited , .u3f8b34c3c1f9f16f78b6bda095821d6b:active { border:0!important; } .u3f8b34c3c1f9f16f78b6bda095821d6b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3f8b34c3c1f9f16f78b6bda095821d6b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3f8b34c3c1f9f16f78b6bda095821d6b:active , .u3f8b34c3c1f9f16f78b6bda095821d6b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3f8b34c3c1f9f16f78b6bda095821d6b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3f8b34c3c1f9f16f78b6bda095821d6b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3f8b34c3c1f9f16f78b6bda095821d6b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3f8b34c3c1f9f16f78b6bda095821d6b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3f8b34c3c1f9f16f78b6bda095821d6b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3f8b34c3c1f9f16f78b6bda095821d6b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3f8b34c3c1f9f16f78b6bda095821d6b .u3f8b34c3c1f9f16f78b6bda095821d6b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3f8b34c3c1f9f16f78b6bda095821d6b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Oscar Wilde's comedy 'The Importance of being Ernest' is entwined around the concept of mistaken identity EssayJournal Entry 3: Sorry After accepting Mr. Mitani in to my life I decided to make amends, and actually attempt to create a relationship with him. I discovered that he is a good man, a plain man, and a man with a lot of love to spread. My mother is happy when she is with Old Mr. Mitani and her happiness is all I care about. Im finally glad that my mother has found another man to love, but if it were me, I would never be able to love another man. However, I am nothing like my mother. Journal Entry 4: The Loss of Another I am writing today because another death of someone close to me has occurred. Old Mr. Mitani died of a terrible illness. I cant believe it. He was somewhat of a father figure to me, he was a friend who would always listen to me when I had something to say, he is gone. Despite our slow beginning, we had a bright relationship. didnt mind taking risks (25) so I would help him get home during the raids (25) and he would help me turn any bad day in to a good one. Why are the men in my life disappearing before my eyes? I dont want to bask in my own self pity but its just so unfair. The pain that my mother and I feel is unimaginable and now it is my job to get my mother through this tough time. Im sorry diary, but this could be goodbye for a long time. Journal Entry 5: Surprise, Surprise Diary, its been 20 years since the last time I wrote you. Life has been pretty boring, pretty normal, until the other day. The other day I discovered that my mother is sleeping with Kikuji, Old Mr. Mitanis son. Words cant even describe the pain that I feel at this very moment. I feel hurt, deceived, and most of all, embarrassed. When I first found out was determined not to weep (68). I cant help but think that my mother is sleeping with Kikuji because he is so similar to his father. This whole situation is messed up, it just doesnt seem right. Journal Entry 6: Ashamed I am ashamed, so ashamed to call my mom mother. She gives our whole family a bad name by continuing with the relationship. At first I thought it was just a fling, a one-night stand, but she and Kikuji have now become more, and although their relationship mostly consists of sex, it is still a relationship. My mom loses the man she loves and then sleeps with that same mans son. How is that not wrong? I wish there was something I could do to make it stop. But theres nothing, it is a lost cause. This relationship continues until it ends. Journal Entry 7: Tragedy All week I have felt sick, depressed, and saddened. For the past week I have presented a shrunken, helpless figure (80). Why? Because my mother is gone and she is never coming back. She took her life about a week ago and no one seems to know why. It could have been because of the shame that her relationship with Kikuji brought upon her. Or it could have been because she thought she was a token of bad luck, being emotionally involved with two men that have died. I can try to understand it or I can just accept it and move on. Its easier said than done. My family has left me, I am alone. Journal Entry 8: Like Her Im her, Im just liker her, and I cant help it. Im like my mother in all sorts of trivial ways (102). I hadnt realized the comparisons until now, until I too got involved with Kikuji. Almost every connection that I had to my mom was destroyed, but Kikuji kept me close. My mother used Kikuji to remind her of Old Mr. Mitani and now Kikuji is using me to remind him of my mother. Although I know I am being used it is really out of my control; had become absolute, beyond comparison. had become decision and fate (145). I was ashamed of my mother and now I am ashamed of myself. .u17db07127dfa7b51b384b7c82f3e1c89 , .u17db07127dfa7b51b384b7c82f3e1c89 .postImageUrl , .u17db07127dfa7b51b384b7c82f3e1c89 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u17db07127dfa7b51b384b7c82f3e1c89 , .u17db07127dfa7b51b384b7c82f3e1c89:hover , .u17db07127dfa7b51b384b7c82f3e1c89:visited , .u17db07127dfa7b51b384b7c82f3e1c89:active { border:0!important; } .u17db07127dfa7b51b384b7c82f3e1c89 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u17db07127dfa7b51b384b7c82f3e1c89 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u17db07127dfa7b51b384b7c82f3e1c89:active , .u17db07127dfa7b51b384b7c82f3e1c89:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u17db07127dfa7b51b384b7c82f3e1c89 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u17db07127dfa7b51b384b7c82f3e1c89 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u17db07127dfa7b51b384b7c82f3e1c89 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u17db07127dfa7b51b384b7c82f3e1c89 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u17db07127dfa7b51b384b7c82f3e1c89:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u17db07127dfa7b51b384b7c82f3e1c89 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u17db07127dfa7b51b384b7c82f3e1c89 .u17db07127dfa7b51b384b7c82f3e1c89-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u17db07127dfa7b51b384b7c82f3e1c89:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Of travel EssayJournal Entry 9: The End What can I do? Life seems hopeless and living seems useless. Nothing ever gets better and things only get worse. I thought I had severed all ties with my mother by breaking her shino but Kikuji still exists. To truly end our comparisons, and destroy the Ota legacy I must cheat fate. Everyone dies sometime and I felt that death was at feet (147). I am fine with ending my life as long as every bad thing I have done leaves with me. Death is inevitable and once Im gone I will never be in pain again, I will never feel ashamed again.

The Gift of Speaking in Tongues

The Gift of Speaking in Tongues Introduction The gift of speaking in tongues is one of the gifts that the Holy Spirit bestows to Christians. Before Jesus ascended into heaven, He promised His disciples that He would send them the Holy Spirit. Jesus told the disciples that, â€Å"when the Advocate comes, whom I will send to you from the Father, the Spirit of truth who goes out from the Father, he will testify about me† (John 15:26, NIV).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Gift of Speaking in Tongues specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this view, Jesus promised the disciples that the Holy Spirit would help them in testifying about Him, and thus encouraged the disciples that the Holy Spirit would empower them. From the verse, it is evident that Jesus sent the Holy Spirit to aid the disciples complete the work, which He had commenced. On the day of Pentecost, Jesus fulfilled His promise when He gave the disciples the gift of speaking i n tongues. Since it happened that the disciples were gathered in one place during the day of Pentecost, â€Å"all of them were filled with the Holy Spirit, and began to speak in other tongues, as the Spirit enabled them† (Acts 2:4). Therefore, this research paper examines the gift of speaking in tongues as presented in the Bible, some Christian assumptions, and how Christians apply in today’s world. The Day of Pentecost The Day of Pentecost clearly portrays an event when the disciples received the Holy Spirit and performed great miracles, which demonstrated the power of the Holy Spirit as promised by Jesus. During the Day of Pentecost, disciples gained the gift of the Holy Spirit, which enabled them to preach to all the people who were in Jerusalem. When the disciples received the gift of speaking in tongues, they spoke in tongues, which are real human languages.1 As the disciples were preaching on the day of Pentecost, the congregation listened to them and wondered wh y the disciples were speaking in their own languages. The people in the congregation wondered, they questioned why the Galileans were speaking in their own native languages (Acts 2:7-8). While some made fun about their speaking, Peter, the disciple, stood up and informed them that the disciples were not drunk, but they were filled with the Holy Ghost who gives them power to speak in other tongues so that they could spread the word of God beyond Israel. Since the event of the Pentecost empowered the disciples to preach the Gospel across all languages, the disciples implored the congregation to repent and receive baptism so that God could forgive them their sins and heal them. Owing to the gift of speaking in tongues, the disciples managed to reach out to many people.Advertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The disciples also persuaded people repent and undergo bapti sm, so that they could save themselves from corrupted generation. â€Å"Those who accepted his message were baptized, and about three thousand were added to their number that day† (Acts 2:41). From the Day of Pentecost, the disciples were able to perform great miracles, which shocked Jerusalem. Rulers and leaders of Jerusalem summoned John and Peter before the Sanhedrin and commanded them not to teach, speak, or perform miracles in the name of Jesus. The gift of speaking in tongues empowered the disciples to perform great miracles and wonders, which were similar to that of Jesus. In this view, the event of the Pentecost gives a clear understanding of what it means to gain the gift of the Holy Spirit. Luke and the Gift of Speaking in Tongues Luke presents the event of the Pentecost as a promise that Jesus made before ascending into heaven. Before he ascended into heaven, Jesus met His disciples and assured them that He was going to His Father, and thus they should remain in Je rusalem to receive the Holy Spirit (Luke 24:49). Hence, the disciples remained in Jerusalem until the Day of Pentecost, when they received the gift of speaking in tongues. However, as disciples further questioned Jesus about the restoration of Israel, Jesus told them to wait for the Holy Spirit who was to baptize them. In the book of Acts, Luke presents the gift of speaking in tongues as a baptism, which enabled the disciples to spread the word of God across the world. Essentially, the gift of speaking in tongues signifies baptism of the Holy Spirit.2 Jesus answered His disciples that, â€Å"but you will receive power when the Holy Spirit comes on you; and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth† (Acts 1: 8). From the perspective of Luke, the Holy Spirit bestowed immense powers to the disciples so that they could spread the Gospel to the four corners of the earth. Luke also presents the gift of speaking in tongues as a prophetic power that enabled the disciples to discern signs of the times. Speaking in tongues is a form of prophetic speech, which fulfilled the prophecy of Joel in the Old Testament. Given that it is a prophetic speech, Christians should use it in the edification of the church as it prepares for the coming of Jesus, rather than using it for self-glorification. 3 During the Day of Pentecost, Peter told the congregation that the disciples were not drunk with new wine, but were filled with the Holy Spirit. Peter further informed the congregation that God had planned that in the last days, people would prophecy after the Holy Spirit empowers them (Acts 2:17).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Gift of Speaking in Tongues specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this view, the Day of Pentecost heralds the end times where people would receive the power of prophecy. Thus, in the book of Acts, Luke is trying to prese nt the gift of speaking in tongues as a prophetic power that enables disciples to understand times of the end. Assumptions of the Gift of Speaking in Tongues Although the gift of speaking in tongues is evident in the Bible, there many assumptions that Christians have derived, and thus err in the interpretation of the Bible. In the book of Acts, the congregation confused the speaking in tongues because they thought the disciples were drunk with new wine. Modern Christians have also made numerous assumptions, which have complicated their understanding of speaking in tongues, as a gift of the Holy Spirit. One of the common assumptions is that speaking in tongues only happened during the Day of Pentecost. Such assumption implies that modern Christians would not experience any gift of speaking in tongues because the Pentecost was only meant for the disciples of Jesus. Modern Christians are unable to explain why the disciples existed during the ancient times, but not in the modern society .4 The assumption hinders Christians from experiencing the gift of speaking in tongues in today’s world. Pentecostal churches believe that speaking in tongues is not a human language, but rather unintelligible utterances. Charismatic churches believe that speaking in tongues is a coded language, which requires the interpreter who has supernatural powers to decode.5 Basing on the event of the Pentecost, it is apparent that the congregation heard the disciples speaking in their own languages. If the congregation could hear what the disciples were preaching, it means that they were speaking real human languages, which do not qualify to be unintelligible utterances. The gift of speaking in tongues enables one to speak using intelligible speech like the way the disciples did when they reached out to people from various tribes who were in Jerusalem during the Day of Pentecost.6Advertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Since they are human languages, Paul, the disciple, wants Christians to interpret the tongues so that they can edify the church (1 Corinthians 14-13). Hence, speaking in tongues is only important if there are people who can interpret the tongues for the congregation to understand what the Holy Spirit says. Christians also associate speaking in tongues with evil because Paul asserts that the speaking in tongues is an indicator of unbelievers. Although Paul could speak in tongues, he admonished other Christians to speak in languages that people could understand for the benefit of the church. In the book of the first Corinthians, Paul depicts speaking in tongues as unnecessary, if it does not edify the church. Paul argues that it is better for one to speak a few intelligible words that edify the church than to speak thousands of words that edify no one. â€Å"Tongues, then, are a sign, not for believers, but for unbelievers; prophecy, however, is not for unbelievers, but for believers † (1 Corinthians 14: 22). Contemporary Christians assign meaning to the speaking in tongues based on community interpretation rather than grammatical hermeneutics.7 Hence, the basis of interpreting the Bible has made Christians to perceive the gift of speaking in tongues as unnecessary. Modern Christians further assume that the gift of speaking in tongues signifies the holiness among individuals. However, they do not have the means of determining if the gift of speaking in tongues is genuine or fake. Pentecostal churches strongly believe that speaking in tongues is central to their dogma because it indicates spiritual growth and development.8 While Paul regards speaking in tongues negatively as an indicator of unbelievers, Pentecostal churches regard speaking in tongues positively as an indicator of spiritual growth. Paul compares the gift of speaking in tongues with prophecy, and admonishes Christians to choose prophecy because it edifies many people. Hence, owing to the subt lety of speaking in tongues, unbelievers abuse it and mislead Christians that they can perform miracles through it. To prevent the abuse of the gift of speaking in tongues, Paul did set rules that two or three people should exercise the gift, and that the speaker must not speak unless there is an interpreter.9 The teachings of Paul, therefore, split Christians into two: those who believe in the gift of speaking in tongues as a human language and those who believe in the gift of speaking in tongues as unintelligible utterances. Application to the Lives of Christians in Today’s World Speaking in tongues has an important application in today’s church because it signifies the presence of the Holy Spirit amongst believers. In the book of Acts, Jesus informed His disciples to remain in Jerusalem until when they would receive the Holy Spirit as a form of baptism (Acts 1: 8). In this view, Luke indicates that the purpose of the Holy Spirit was to empower the disciples so that they could witness to the word of God and Jesus across the world for the people to understand the Kingdom of God. On the Day of Pentecost, Peter also told the congregation that the disciples had received the power of the Holy Spirit so that they could witness about Jesus. Since on the Day of Pentecost the disciples were able to baptize approximately 3000 people, it indicated that the gift of speaking in tongues empowered teachings of the Gospel. Although speaking in tongues empowers Christians, Paul cautions them to avoid abusing it, and thus advises Christians to use interpreters and seek other gifts of the Holy Spirit that edify the church.10 Both Luke and Paul agree that speaking in tongues entails the use of various human languages, and thus require interpreters to benefit the church. Thus, today’s Christians need to utilize the gift of speaking in tongues as an instrument of preaching the Gospel to all people across the earth. Moreover, speaking in tongues is important t o modern Christians because it signifies the presence of the Holy Spirit and end times. When the congregation wondered why the disciples were speaking in their own languages during the Day of Pentecost, Peter informed them that they were fulfilling what the prophet Joel had predicted. Peter further said that in the end times, God promised to pour His Spirit to the Christians so that they could prophecy and save many people from the corrupt world (Acts 2: 19). This shows that speaking in tongues is a sign that aids Christians to understand the times and prepare well for the coming of Jesus. In the end times, Christians will acquire the gift of prophecy, which makes them to receive â€Å"intelligible and authoritative revelations or messages† that compel them to deliver to the people.11 For the Christian prophets to interpret prophetic messages and deliver them appropriately, they require the gift of speaking in tongues. Thus, the gift of speaking in tongues and the gift of pro phecy are inseparable gifts of the Holy Spirit that the church will receive during the end times as presented by Paul and Luke. Conclusion The gift of speaking in tongues is among the gifts that the Holy Spirit gives to the Christian. In the Bible, the Day of Pentecost is an event that demonstrated how the gift of speaking in tongues made disciples to speak in different languages, preach the Gospel, convert people to Christianity, and gain prophetic powers. Luke, Paul, and Peter present the gift of speaking in tongues as the power of the Holy Spirit, which enables Christians to spread the Gospel and prophecy about the end times. Essentially, Christians should use the gift of speaking in tongues in edifying the church rather than self. However, due to varied interpretation of the gift of speaking in tongues, many Christian religions have assumed that speaking in tongues is an ancient power that the disciples only received, entails unintelligible utterances, unnecessary gift because i t is a sign of unbelievers, and a sign of spiritual growth that everyone must attain. Despite such assumptions, the gift of speaking in tongues has great significance to the modern Christians. Thus, modern Christians should apply the gift of speaking in tongues in enhancing the spread of the Gospel and prophecy, which God wants to reveal to the whole world. Bibliography Bellshaw, William G. â€Å"The Confusion of Tongues.† Bibliotheca Sacra 120, no. 478 (1963): 146-53. Bozung, Douglas. â€Å"The Pentecostal Doctrine of Initial Evidence: A Study in Hermeneutical Method.† The Journal of Ministry Theology 1, no. 1 (2004): 89-107. Busenitz, Nathan. â€Å"The Gift Of Tongues: Comparing the Church Fathers with Contemporary.† Masters Seminary Journal 17, no. 1 (2006): 62-78. Clearwaters, Richard. â€Å"The Gift of Tongues and Prophecy.† Central Bible Quarterly 15, no. 2 (1972): 35-39. Hodges, Zane C. â€Å"A Symposium on the Tongues Movement Part I: The Purpos e of Tongues.† Bibliotheca Sacra 120, no. 479 (1963): 227-233. McDougall, Donald G. â€Å"Cessationism in 1 Cor 13:8-12.† Masters Seminary Journal 14, no.2 (2003): 178-213. Poythress, Vern. â€Å"Linguistic and Sociological Analyses of Modern Tongues-speaking: Their Contributions and Limitations.† Westminster Theological Journal 42, no. 2 (1980): 367-388. Swanson, Dennis. â€Å"Bibliography of Works on Cessationism.† Masters Seminary Journal  14, no. 2 (2003): 312–27. Thomas, Robert. â€Å"The Hermeneutics of Noncessationism.† Masters Seminary Journal  14, no. 2 (2003): 287-310. Van-Elderen, Bastian. â€Å"Glossolalia in the New Testament.† Journal of the Evangelical  Theological Society 7, no.2 (1964): 54-58. Footnotes 1 Richard Clearwaters, â€Å"The Gift of Tongues and Prophecy,† Central Bible Quarterly 15, no. 2 (1972): 38 2 Clearwaters, â€Å"The Gift of Tongues and Prophecy,† 35. 3  Nathan Busenitz, â€Å"T he Gift Of Tongues: Comparing the Church Fathers with Contemporary,† Masters Seminary Journal 17, no. 1 (2006): 66. 4 Zane Hodges, â€Å"A Symposium on the Tongues Movement Part I: The Purpose of Tongues,† Bibliotheca Sacra 120, no. 479 (1963): 232. 5 Vern Poythress, â€Å"Linguistic and Sociological Analyses of Modern Tongues speaking: Their Contributions and Limitations,† Westminster Theological Journal 42, no. 2 (1980): 375. 6 Douglas Bozung, â€Å"The Pentecostal Doctrine of Initial Evidence: A Study in Hermeneutical Method,† The Journal of Ministry Theology 1, no. 1 (2004): 96. 7 Robert Thomas, â€Å"The Hermeneutics of Noncessationism,† Masters Seminary Journal 14, no. 2 (2003): 287. 8 Dennis Swanson, â€Å"Bibliography of Works on Cessationism,† Masters Seminary Journal 14, no. 2 (2003): 315. 9 William Bellshaw, â€Å"The Confusion of Tongues,† Bibliotheca Sacra 120:478 (1963): 152. 10 Bastian Van-Elderen, â€Å"Glossolalia in the New Testament,† Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 7, no.2 (1964): 54. 11 Donald McDougall, â€Å"Cessationism in 1 Cor 13:8-12,† Masters Seminary Journal 14, no.2 (2003): 188.

Summarizing a case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summarizing a case study - Essay Example Analysis From the case study, it is clear that the Delta III project was at risk for several reasons. In the opinion of Scott (1999), the project risks at Delta III can be categorized into four such as ‘customer mandate, scope and requirements, execution, and environment (p.223). Since the Pinnacle warehouse automation integrated with SAP R/3 had threatened job opportunities, it raised severe ethical problems among the warehouse employees. It seems that an effective change management program might eliminate such labor issues to a large extent. Change management programs are very crucial for an organization to change its structure from the current state to a desired future state. According to Stewart (2000), change management programs play a vital role in overcoming resistance from employees and other officials. The unprecedented volume of R/3 transactions that arose as a result of a large contract between FoxMeyer and University HealthSystem Consortium (UHC) also exacerbated th e situation. Shortage of skilled and knowledgeable personnel was another issue that added to the failure of Delta III project and thereby bankruptcy of FoxMeyer Drugs.

Organizational Analysis and Change Project Research Proposal

Organizational Analysis and Change Project - Research Proposal Example (Aaker, 1991) When message relevance is low, individuals will not actively process the information in the advertisement, but will instead rely on peripheral message cues to form or change attitudes. Brand Identity is that element of customer perception and awareness which has its focus in the results of a certain kind of projection through the brand equity building measures. This calls for an integrative model which will combine the basic elements of the brand identity and brand equity concepts so as to create a platform for the effective discussion of the Elaboration Likelihood Model. This has been of special relevance for the Coca Cola company as far as its foray into target market and product variation is concerned. (Kotler, 1997) The modern day organisation depends to a great extent on the contribution and quality of its human capital. The human capital may be defined as that element of the organisation's operational sphere that is a living, breathing part of the activities that put the innate resources and factors of production into application. This application results in profits arising out of the activities of the human capital and the efficiency with which this resource carries out its tasks. This in turn, has a bearing on the achievement of the organisation's goals. (Johnson, 1996. P 13 to 18) Business Partner The first role of the human resource in today's organisation is that of a business partner. This has come to the fore with the emergence of various service oriented companies that provide intensive marketing services along with the products that are being produced. The emergence of a marketing network has been crucial to companies like Bajaj Allianz Life Insurance, Oriflame Cosmetics and many others. (Green, 2002. P 111) The business partner method operates along the following lines, as depicted in the diagram below: Branch Manager ' Sales Team Manager ' Team of Business Partners (Sales Agent) (Green, 2002) These business partners work independently from home or under the name of their own business in order to cater to people exclusively and bring the products and services of the company to the doorstep of the independent clients. The role of these business partners is to bring business to the company by exploring their personal networks so as to earn commissions on the sales that they make. This is a formal level of institutionalised operations where the organisation profits greatly. This is done by pushing the product in quarters where the effects of regular marketing and promotion cannot reach. It is also an elevated level of salesman ship where the sales agents are offered a share in the business that they make. The advantage of this is that the business partners take a personal interest in the development of a clientele. (Green, 2002. P 111) Further, this serves the two fold purpose of sales and promotion. While there might not be immediate sales in some cases,

Lord Raglan’s & Hercules Essay Example for Free

Lord Raglan’s Hercules Essay Lord Raglan’s gave Hercules an outstanding 17 points on his hero scale pattern. This scale classifies the parallel characteristics of most mythical heroes. Overall, the similarities of Hercules to other heroes is the fact that he is the son of a god, there was an intent of killing him during birth, he once wandered in a place away form his family, and won battles with abominable creatures (Raglan, 1998). William Burkert, in years of evaluating mythical heroes, found a pattern on the makings of a fictional icon. Particularly the idea of a hero being a master or mistress of animals has won over the side of hunters which is possibly of a Paleolithic origin. In the story of Hercules this is apparent in most of the Twelve Labors he battled. Hercules’ first task is to kill the Nemean Lion and to bring back its skin. He later found out that arrows are useless in fighting the mighty beast. With his pure strength, he grasped the lion with his own bare hands and choked him to death. His second labor is to slay the Lernaean Hydra, a monstrous snake with nine heads living in the murky waters of Lerna. Every time Hercules got the chance to cut off one head, another one will grow in its place. He them commissioned the help of Iolaus in holding a torch every time Hercules cut off one head. Then after, Hercules finally disposed of the monster for good. Other examples of Hercules as master of animals can be stressed in the third to eighth labor, as follows: †¢ Capture the Ceryneian Hind †¢ Capture the Erymanthian Boar †¢ Slay the Stymphalian Birds †¢ Capture the Cretan Bull †¢ Steal the Mares of Diomedes In Greeks official religion, this may be deemed as somehow similar to folklore. Burkert detected a recurrent pattern in some of the actions and behavior of Greek heroes. This particular pattern includes youth, defloration, threat by a close relative, finding a partner, giving birth and finally, retribution. Another pattern is a relevant scapegoat in most hero storylines. (Burkert, 1979) Hercules (also referred to as Herakles and Alcides) was a Roman-Greek hero popular because of his strength and bravery. He is the half-god, half-mortal son of the powerful Zeus (Jupiter) and the Alceme. This identity of Hercules is similar to Catholic patron God, Jesus, who is also both human and divine. When Hera, Zeus’ goddess wife, heard about the birth of Hercules she was madly jealous about him. She sent two serpents to kill the young Zeus in his crib. Exhibiting valor and incredible strength, even as a child, Hercules killed the serpents all by himself. This display of power can be compared to the Bible hero Samson. Unlike Samson, who gains his vigor with his long hair, Hercules has an inherent strength that is within him ever since his first breathe. During his youth, an important decision during his lifetime is choosing between the life of virtue and the life of pleasure. A hard question posed to him by the goddess Aphrodite and Athena. The young hero decided to lead a life of virtue. This is a unique path to lead. This is in contrast to revered Indian icon, Gautam Buddha, who lived the life royalty and pleasure in his father’s palace when he was a child. Hercules welcomes struggle and hardships of life, with a strong belief that glory and true happiness comes along with it. Hercules then married Megara and the fruit of their love gave them children. Hera, still enraged about the very existence of Hercules, used all her powers to drive Hercules mad. In his insanity, he unknowingly killed his children and wife. Once he regained his insanity, he asked Oracle and Delphi on how he can compensate for what he did. He was instructed to serve the Eurystheus, the King of Tiryns, for twelve years. He is then ordered to carry out Twelve Labors to attain a peaceful soul again. During his quest, he was endowed with the virtue of courage, strength, and wisdom. His journey was quite similar to the long and tedious adventure of Odysseus. Traveling different land and voyaging the waters. He completed his tasks and redeemed his integrity and good soul. With such an exemplar accomplishment, he was then crowned a seat in the place of gods in Olympus. In his ascend to Olympus, he left all his mortal characteristics on earth and was born again with all divinity. Hercules the reconciled with Hera and lived peacefully as a family with this divine father, Zeus (Loewen,1998). Works Cited Burkert, Walter. Structure and History in Greek Mythology and Ritual. University of California Press, 1979 Loewen, Juvenile. Hercules. Capstone Press, 1998 Raglan, Fitzroy Richard. The Hero: A Study in Tradition, Myth and Drama. Somerset: Courier Dover Publications, 2003

Deforestation of The Pacific Northwest Essay -- Environmental Endanger

Deforestation of the Pacific Northwest One of the most controversial areas associated with the global problem of deforestation is the Pacific Northwest of the US. The problem can be broken down into several issues that all tie in together. These include the near extinction of the Northern Spotted Owl, the "business" aspect of logging versus the environmental aspect, and the role of the government in this problem. In 1973, the Endangered Species Act (ESA) was passed. This enabled the Dept. of Commerce and Dept. of the Interior to place species, either land or marine, as either threatened or endangered. Under these terms species could no longer be hunted, collected, injured or killed. The northern spotted owl falls under the more serious condition of being endangered. Also, the bill forbids federal agencies to fund or carry out any activity that would threaten the species or its' habitat. It is the latter part of the bill that causes the controversy. Under the ESA, loggers should not be allowed to cut down the old- growth of the forest. The old growth of a forest includes the largest and oldest trees, living or dead. In the case of the North Coast forests, this includes some thousand-year-old stands with heights above three-hundred feet and diameters of more than ten feet. In 1990, the number of spotted owls dropped to 2000 breeding pairs. The preservation of any species contributes to the biodiversity of an area. In an ecosystem, the absence of one species creates unfavorable conditions for the others. The absence of the spotted owl could have a significant effect on the North Coast forest ecosystem. In order to send the owl population in the right direction, the major problem for their decline would have to be remedied – loss of habitat. This fact combined with the owls' short life expectancy and late age of breeding only exacerbates the problem. When loggers remove old growth the owl loses habitat for its' food, housing, as well as protection from predators. Approximately ninety percent of the forests in the Pacific Northwest have already been harvested. In order to protect the current owl population, the remaining forests would have to be preserved, but this would have a serious negative economical effect. Such a decision would effect jobs, regional economy, as well as the lifestyle of loggers. With such a... ...siness. In some cases, the money subsidizes the large companies for things such as logging roads in order to keep the cost of paper and other tree products down. These same companies ship their lumber to Japan for milling before they are sold back to the United States at a higher price. Not only does the public lose money in this process but it costs Americans a number of jobs. On the other hand, agencies have made efforts to prevent deforestation. Members of the Forest Service educate not only the large companies, but the private landowners as well. It is the private owners who own sixty percent if the forests being harvested. By helping to show how conservative forestry techniques can be made efficient as well as more profitable, they are helping to diminish the rate of deforestation. If more money was spent on research and the spread of new and better techniques, then the taxpayers' money would be better spent. In conclusion, there are several aspects of deforestation in the Pacific Northwest that need to be evaluated before the situation becomes irreversible. If the current harvesting techniques continue, our children will be missing more than the spotted owl. Deforestation of The Pacific Northwest Essay -- Environmental Endanger Deforestation of the Pacific Northwest One of the most controversial areas associated with the global problem of deforestation is the Pacific Northwest of the US. The problem can be broken down into several issues that all tie in together. These include the near extinction of the Northern Spotted Owl, the "business" aspect of logging versus the environmental aspect, and the role of the government in this problem. In 1973, the Endangered Species Act (ESA) was passed. This enabled the Dept. of Commerce and Dept. of the Interior to place species, either land or marine, as either threatened or endangered. Under these terms species could no longer be hunted, collected, injured or killed. The northern spotted owl falls under the more serious condition of being endangered. Also, the bill forbids federal agencies to fund or carry out any activity that would threaten the species or its' habitat. It is the latter part of the bill that causes the controversy. Under the ESA, loggers should not be allowed to cut down the old- growth of the forest. The old growth of a forest includes the largest and oldest trees, living or dead. In the case of the North Coast forests, this includes some thousand-year-old stands with heights above three-hundred feet and diameters of more than ten feet. In 1990, the number of spotted owls dropped to 2000 breeding pairs. The preservation of any species contributes to the biodiversity of an area. In an ecosystem, the absence of one species creates unfavorable conditions for the others. The absence of the spotted owl could have a significant effect on the North Coast forest ecosystem. In order to send the owl population in the right direction, the major problem for their decline would have to be remedied – loss of habitat. This fact combined with the owls' short life expectancy and late age of breeding only exacerbates the problem. When loggers remove old growth the owl loses habitat for its' food, housing, as well as protection from predators. Approximately ninety percent of the forests in the Pacific Northwest have already been harvested. In order to protect the current owl population, the remaining forests would have to be preserved, but this would have a serious negative economical effect. Such a decision would effect jobs, regional economy, as well as the lifestyle of loggers. With such a... ...siness. In some cases, the money subsidizes the large companies for things such as logging roads in order to keep the cost of paper and other tree products down. These same companies ship their lumber to Japan for milling before they are sold back to the United States at a higher price. Not only does the public lose money in this process but it costs Americans a number of jobs. On the other hand, agencies have made efforts to prevent deforestation. Members of the Forest Service educate not only the large companies, but the private landowners as well. It is the private owners who own sixty percent if the forests being harvested. By helping to show how conservative forestry techniques can be made efficient as well as more profitable, they are helping to diminish the rate of deforestation. If more money was spent on research and the spread of new and better techniques, then the taxpayers' money would be better spent. In conclusion, there are several aspects of deforestation in the Pacific Northwest that need to be evaluated before the situation becomes irreversible. If the current harvesting techniques continue, our children will be missing more than the spotted owl.

Leadership in organizational behavior Essay

Leadership is the process of influencing people and providing an environment for them to achieve team or organisational objectives. As a property, Leadership is the set of characteristics attributed to those who are perceived to use such influence successfully. Leadership involves neither force nor coercion. It is widely believed in the world of business that leadership is the key ingredient in the recipe for corporate achievement. Typically, when we speak of leaders we are referring to people who influence others without threat, using non-coercive means. In fact, this characteristic distinguishes a leader from a dictator. Whereas dictators get others to do what they want by using threats of physical force, leaders do not. Subordinates accept influence from leaders because they respect, like, or admire them as well as because they hold positions of formal authority (that is, leaders may have both position power and personal power). We need to caution against the everyday practice of using tile terms leader and manager interchangeably. The primary function of a leader is to create the essential purpose or mission of the organization and the strategy for attaining it. In contrast, the job of the manager is to implement that vision. He or she is responsible for achieving that end, taking the steps necessary to turn the leader’s vision into reality. The confusion between these two terms is understandable insofar as the distinction between establishing a mission and implementing it is often blurred in practice. This is because many leaders, such as top corporate executives, are frequently called upon not only to create a vision, but also to help implement it. Similarly, managers often are required to lead those who are subordinate to them while also carrying out their leader’s mission. With this in mind, it has been observed that too many so-called â€Å"leaders† get bogged down in the managerial aspects of their job, creating organizations that are â€Å"over managed and under lead. † Leadership Perspectives Goal Attainment : influence function of leadership and deals the mechanisms that motivate members’ behaviors towards the group’s goals. Adaptation : helps the group to define its goal in a way that is consistent with the demands of the environment in which operates. Integration : some mechanism must coordinate the activities of group members towards the common goal e. g – Communication and conflict resolution Maintenance : mechanism to maintain their morale and keep them interested in staying in the group THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP: There are three major approaches to leadership: a) trait theories, b) behavioral theories, c) situational theories. Trait theories highlight that there exists a finite set of individual traits or characteristics that distinguish successful from unsuccessful leaders. Behavioral theories highlight that the most important aspect of leadership is not the traits of the leader, but what the leader does in various situations. Successful leaders are distinguished form unsuccessful leaders by their particular style of leadership. Situational theories outlines that the effectiveness of the leader is not only determined by his or her style of behavior, but also by the situation surrounding the leadership environment. Situational factors include the characteristics of the leader and the subordinates, the nature of the task and the structure of the group. THE TRAIT APPROACH: ARE SOME PEOPLE REALLY â€Å"BORN LEADERS†? Common sense leads us to think that some people have more of â€Å"the right stuff’ than others, and are just naturally better leaders. And, if you look at some of the great leaders throughout history, such as Martin Luther King, Jr. , Alexander the Great, and Abraham Lincoln, to name just a few, it is clear that such individuals certainly have characteristics in common that differ from ordinary folks. The question is â€Å"what is it that makes great leaders so great? † Leaders have certain traits, e. g. Honesty and Integrity : Trustworthy ; reliable ; open Intelligence Self – Confidence : Trust in own abilities Emotional maturity Stress tolerance Task – relevant knowledge : knowledge of business, relevant technical matters Ambition and high energy : Desire for achievement ; tenacity ; initiative Desire to lead : leadership motivation – desire to exercise influence over others to reach shared goals Research suggest that traits contribute less than 10% of what makes a successful leader Leadership Grid (Robert R. Blake & Jane Mouton) Impoverished Mgmt (1,1): Exertion of minimum efforts to get the required work done is appropriate to sustain organization membership. Country Club Mgmt (1,9): Thoughtful attention to the needs of people for satisfying relationships leads to a comfortable organizational atmosphere and work tempo. Middle Of The Road Mgmt (5,5): Adequate organizational performance is possible through balancing the necessity to get out work with maintaining morale of the people at satisfying level. Authority Compliance (9,1): Efficiency in operational results from arranging conditions of work in such a way that human elements interfere to a minimum degree. Team Mgmt (9,9): Work accomplishment is from committed people; inter dependence through a common stake. In organization purpose leads to relationships of trust and respect. Managerial Grid: The five basic approaches to management identified by Black and Mouton are based on the two dimensions of concern of people and concern for production that are associated with leaders. A managerial grid is formed based on these two dimensions which are rated on 9 point scale. If manager is securing the lowest score on these two dimensions I,I is identified as impoverished style of managers who are low on both their concern of people and production, 1,9 or country club style is designated to those managers who are having high concern for people but low concern for production. The 5, 5 or the middle-of-the road style concerns the moderate levels of concern for both people and production. The 9,1 or task management style is one where there is a high concern for production but very little concern for people and finally, 9,9 or team management style is one where the manager has high concern for both people and production. According to Black and Mouton the one best style for all mangers is the 9,9 or team management style. Fiedler’s Model Effective groups depend on a proper match between a leader’s style of interacting with subordinates and the degree to which the situation gives control and influence to the leader. LEADER SITUATION MATCH A task oriented leader is appropriate for a very favorable or very unfavorable situation. Relationship oriented behavior is predicted to work best when situation is moderately favorable or unfavorable. /* only read Favorable Situation: The situation is considered as highly favorable if it possess a high level of positive interpersonal relations between leaders and members, a well defined task structures and a leaders perceive that they are bestowed with strong perceived positional power. In such type of situation the leader will have a great deal of control over situations and will simply have to make sure that he gives the necessary instructions to get the task done. There is no need for him to waste time talking to each employee in order to be perceived as friendly. A task-oriented style will be effective in such situation. Unfavorable Situation: The situation is considered as highly unfavorable if it possesses a low level of interpersonal relationship between leaders and members, a poorly defined task and a relatively a weak perceived power. The leader of a task-force committee which is appointed to solve problems encountered in the work setting is likely to find him in such a situation. In such type of situation, the leader is in highly vulnerable situations and there is no other way to enforce a strict discipline and order to bring the situation in normalcy than following relationship oriented style. Moderately Favorable Situation: Here the leader might find herself in a mixed situation. For instance, a manager might have good relationship with her workers, but the task structure and position power of the leader may be low. For example, a bank officer may have a good relationship staff member, but the task structure or the power to control the staff members (either to reward or punish members) is not strong enough. In such situations, the manager will be very successful and get the desirable results if he follows more of relationships oriented style than task oriented task style. */ PATH GOAL THEORY PATH GOAL THEORY believes that a leader can change subordinates expectancies by clarifying the path between the subordinates’ action and the outcome, which is the goal which the employee wants to achieve. Whether leader’s behavior can do so effectively also depends on situational factors. Path-Goal Leadership Model Path-Goal Leadership Behaviour Directive Leadership Behavior: This deals with planning, organizing, controlling and coordinating of subordinates activities by the leader. It is similar to the traditional dimension of initiating structure in that the leader’s emphasis is on letting the subordinates know what is expected of them. Supportive Leadership Behavior: This concerns giving support consideration to the needs of the subordinates, displaying concern for their well-being and welfare and creating a friendly and pleasant environment. Participative—a pattern in which the leader consults with subordinates, permitting them to participate in decision making. Achievement-oriented—an approach in which the leader sets challenging goals and seeks improvements in performance. The benefits to the company of the achievement-oriented leader approach include greater employee confidence and commitment, more employee decision making, increased employee creativity, more challenging objectives, and reduced supervision for employees who work best independently. SITUATIONAL FACTORS Employee Contingencies Locus of control A Participative leader is suitable for subordinates with internal locus of control. A directive leader is suitable for supportives for external locus of control. Self perceived ability Subordinates who perceive themselves as having high ability do not like directive leadership. Environmental Contingencies When working on a task that has a high structure, directive leadership is redundant and less effective. When a highly formal authority system is in place, directive leadership can again reduce worker’s satisfaction. When subordinates are in a team environment that offers great social support, the supportive leadership style becomes less necessary TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP Definition: It’s the process of leading for change rather than for stability. Transformational leaders Leading — changing the organisation to fit the environment Develop, communicate, enact a vision. It is exercised when the leader intellectually stimulates the subordinates, excites, arouses and inspires them to perform far beyond what they would have thought themselves capable of. By providing a new vision, the transformational leader transforms the followers into people who self-actualize. Charismatic leadership is central to transformational leaderships. These kinds of leaders guide or motivate their follower’s in the direction of established goals by clarifying role and task requirements. Transformational leaders arouse strong emotions. They also help transform their followers by teaching them, often serving as mentors. In so doing, transformational leaders seek to encourage followers to do their own thing. In contrast, charismatic leaders may keep their followers weak and highly dependent on them. A charismatic leader may be the whole show, whereas a transformational leader does a good job of inspiring change in the whole organization. Many celebrities, be they musicians, actors, or athletes, tend to be highly charismatic, but they do not necessarily have any transformational effects on their followers. As such, although some people may idolize certain rock stars, and dress like them, these celebrities’ charisma will unlikely stimulate their fans into making sacrifices that revitalize the world. When you think of it this way, its easy to see how charisma is just a part of transformational leadership.